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thanx umar makhzumi thanx for this elaborated answer!!!!

in engineering mentorship is very important for fresh engineers/final year students to get boost in learning basic techniques and practical knowledge from experienced seniors so is the internship for serious students.i request seniors that please show their willingness for mentorship and accommadte freshers/.final year students with them.that wud be great help for engineering students.please upload your willingness here and your field of experties and your location.thanx

I am Ali Ahmed, working as lecturer in University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore. I have completed my MSc Structural Engineering from the same university. I was the topper of my BSc Session (2004) & won four gold medals. Along with the lecturer-ship I am also participating actively in different research projects being carried out in UET Lahore.

You can perform a multistorey frame analysis with different kind of Seismic Force Resistant Systems and compare them. It will help you getting acquainted with ETABS and would be a plus point in interviews!

yeah it is perfectly Ok for gravity loads.

you can read these papers.http://dl.dropbox.com/u/45238683/crack%20model%20comp%20study%20diana%20delft.pdf http://db.tt/dm3BWUNM http://db.tt/PWv22REh

masonry takes negligible tensile stresses,similar to concrete. No moment is transferred to masonry column,only compression forces are transferred. Slab or beam is always supported simply by masonry column. In steel structures moment resisting joints are designed where as in RCC beam reinforcement is developed in column which transfers moment from beam to column.No such moment mechanism exists in masonry construction .

thanx Rana n Umar!!!can anyone upload sample geotechnical investigation report ???

It depends on aspect ratio of slab, span length, and geotechincal conditions.One may require main reinforcement in both directions, as empty situation also needs to be considered( bottom slab loaded by soil pressure due to self weight of slab / water pressure if water table is high). Direction of hook (upside or downside) does not matter,hook is for anchoring( in case bond fails).

The picture below, is of Olive View Hospital, 1971 San Fernando Earthquake, CA, US San Fernando, California, Earthquake February 1971. Here is another view The spiral column displaced 18" from center and is still in good shape and taking load, where as the rectangular columns with ties behaved as below. This difference in behavior is attributed to the greater confinement spirals provide resulting into a better "Poisson ratio" & Improved ductility of the system overall. FYI, this building had a soft story and also had hammering due to RCC Core Wall not separated well enough from adjacent part of building.For your question about rectangular or circular column, I would say Circular are good if required for use in high seismic zones and are provided with spirals instead of circular ties. Circular Columns are aesthetically beautiful too..

Geotechnical Engineers provide Geotechnical Investigation Report. That has recommendations for Structural Engineers that they use while designing foundation.

structural engineers!

When you do commercial design in Pakistan, not every bldg has a super construction team. Considering local practise, the best thing is to keep you seismic parameters of the zone you are in and use a lower R Value. This would be little over design but safe.