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There are two theories for finding earth pressure, Rankine and Coulomb. Rankine is for friction less wall were as Coulomb considered friction between wall and backfill. So it does not make any difference if one computes forces based on widely used Rankine's theory.

FOOTBALL world cup is going to be held in 2018 in RUSSIA and Qatar in both countries lot of work (new constructions and renovations)has been going on the infrastructure,roads, bridges, hotels and stadiums.there is lot of potential to take all level engineers (senior, junior, fresh),if you have a little know how of russian language you are offered even better jobs and with more chances.mostly turkish companies are working there and they prefer Pakistanies.so check and try that option

Happy Ramadan everyone!

ur always talking abt tutorials and when im making them and sharing here in tutorials sections...your are not following ..but my tutorials are only for etabs!

Is it better substitute for Tunnel. I think it depends upon the length of road for which excavation was needed,technical expertise, depth of proposed road and geological properties of that rock. Tunnel boring machine could have done this job but it's costs are much higher than the method they have used(drill and blast). Reminds me of one of the Need for Speed track

i like this pic!

yes you can consider it same because soil pressure depends upon height h of the backfill! that is k0.w.h so w is denisty, ko coefficient of lateral earth pressure... In my thinking you can caluclate it the way you calcualte it for vertical face...

Reinforced concrete replaces wooden Trestles bridge in San Diego San Diego's original Trestles bridge was an 858-foot-long bridge built in 1941 with wooden post-and-beam construction. A multimillion-dollar rehab replaced 558 feet of that span with reinforced concrete. The project was completed under budget and finished six months prior to its scheduled completion date. Los Angeles Times

dua ki qabooliat me haram rizq sab se bari rakawat hai so please earn halal for yourself and family !!!

Sir umer i had studied this document before starting discussion. This mainly adresses the stress increase in structural materials. This was practice followed before 1990's because at that time factor of 0.75 was not introduced in load combinations. We can increase allowable bearing capacity of soil by 33% under eartquake and wind conditions.

May Allah bless you and bestow upon you the good health!!!

happy ramadan to all of you! although im not fasting today (my 2nd of ramadan here) bcz of headache all night long....do pray for all of us mulsims and fear GOD!

and waqar please check what total station is required for and what features it got try not to deviate from the topic i hope you are quite capable to understand that

SIMPLE YAR QIBLA DIRECTION IS USUALLY PLUS MINUS WHERE THE SUN SETS OR DISCOVER IT FROM LOCALS OF THAT AREA OR THIRD A PROPER AND MOST ACCURATE WAY IS THE USE OF TOTAL STATION BY SURVEYORS TO DETERMINE THE DIRECTION OF QIBLA AND FOURTH THE MOST IMPORTANT THING IS THAT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING HAVE DIRECTION INDICATOR SHOWING QIBLA DIRECTION IN PROPERLY PREPARED SUBMISSION DRAWINGS. HAVE A LOOK AT THAT AND REMEMBER IF YOU FIND SUCH THIND DONT CHANGE THE SETTINGS OF THE PLAN ASK THE ARCHITECT RESPONSIBLE TO DO SO BECAUSE LOCATION OF FITTINGS IN THE BATHROOMS IS GIVEN DUE IMPOTANCE BY THE ARCHITECTS WHILE DESIGNING AS CIRCULATION AREA FOR INDIVIDUAL IS LIMTED SO IT HAS TO BE DESIGNED WELL AND ALOT OF OTHER REASONS.