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Assalam-o-alaikum! start of professional career as an engineer, in the USA, is not a simple and easy process. Although actual requirements may vary somewhat from state to state, but generally a four-step process has to be followed for obtaining license to work as an independent professional engineer. (See the thread: http://www.sepakistan.com/topic/1610-benefits-of-getting-pe- licence/#entry3958, for learning the benefits of having a PE license.) Step 1: Graduating from an accredited engineering program (e.g., B.E./B.S./M.S in Civil Engineering,...) Step 2: Passing 'Fundamentals of Engineering' (FE) exam (Details available at: http://ncees.org/exams/fe-exam/) and to become eligible for being classified as an intern, also known as Engineering Intern (EI) or Engineer-in-Training (EIT). Step 3: Obtaining required length of work experience relevant to chosen engineering discipline, after passing the FE exam. In many cases, the experience period is to be supervised by a licensed engineer, depending upon specific requirements of concerned State Licensing Board. Step 4: Passing 'Principles and Practice of Engineering' (PE) exam. Once an engineer has successfully completed the first three steps of this process, he/she may take the second exam in the licensing - the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam. The PE exam tests the ability of an engineer to practice competently in a particular engineering discipline. It is designed for engineers who have gained at least four years’ post-college work experience in their chosen engineering discipline. Each PE exam has a total duration of 8 hours, and is split into a morning and an afternoon session. PE exam specifications and design standards, applicable for the forthcoming exam are posted on NCEES web site, 6 months before the exam date. Updates for April exams are posted in November, and updates for October exams are posted in May. The specifications and details of design standards for PE Exams 2015, related to five (5) Civil Engineering disciplines, are available at following links: Civil - Construction (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Con-April-2015_Combined.pdf) Civil - Geotechnical (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Geo-April-2015_Combined2.pdf) Civil - Structural (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Str-April-2015_Combined2.pdf) Civil - Transportation (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Tran-April-2015_Combined.pdf) Civil - Water Resources and Environmental (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-WRE-April-2015_Combined.pdf) The PE exam is an open-book exam. The examinees are allowed to bring reference materials to the exam, provided they are bound and remain bound during the exam. Further details regarding PE exam can be found at: http://ncees.org/exams/pe-exam/ The design codes and manuals referred in these documents, are the ones to be followed all across the US, for the structural design of all kind of engineered structures. As such, these are the most important references, a civil or structural engineer (working in a jurisdiction, where US design codes are the basis of engineering design) will need to know, learn, and follow in his/her engineering design practice. Hopefully, this information will not only be beneficial for those, interested in taking the PE exam in near future, but would also help us improve our knowledge and understanding of code requirements regarding design and construction of various kind of civil engineering works. This, in turn, will make our structures safer as well as more code-compliant. Regards.

This is slab on beams, use membrane for modelling and also for beam design. Ignore the out-of-plane stiffness.

Dear Khalid ! i go through your model and upto my understanding your model is OK but 2 corrections are required. 1) As you mention that the zone of the building is ZONE 3.So you must have to check the Beam Column Joint Ratio which you are saying that it is not done.it is because you have overwrite the sway property from Sway Special to Sway Intermediate.So change your sway type from Sway Intermediate to Sway Special then you will get the required B/C Ratio. 2) In defining the slab you have define slab as a MEMBRANE and membrane takes in-plane stresses only. And in reality the slab also take out of plane stresses by deflecting/bending. So define slab as a SHELL THIN then it will take both in-plane and out-plane stresses. Have a look to the snaps and the model with the two corrections i have made. Sari Pul_V13.rar

There are two noticeable references mentioned in this thread. One is specific to Load Combinations(ASD stuff) and subsequent 1/3rd reduction, the other is about C12.13.4 of ASCE 7-05: 25% reduction of seismic overturning moment for the case of Equivalent Static Lateral Force Procedure. For some reason, all the replies have been focused on ASD Load Combinations and subsequent 1/3rd reduction. Anyways, ASD is old in a matter of few years would be completely wiped out of the scene for foundations. The current practice in industry is to use LRFD for foundation design. Moreover, make sure you touch base with the Geotechnical Engineer. Sometimes geotech reports specify what could be done or not with regards to thread subject. Thanks.

It means you need to increase, or decrease, reinforcement in beam, or column. But, You have to have a reinforcement which satisfies your elastic elastic analysis. You can't reduce the reinforcement, below the level required for resisting factored combos, to satisfy this provision. You need to add more, or reduce. But reduced moment capacity of that member should satisfy the forces of design combos. If you have provided more reinforcement than the requirement of elastic analysis, you will need to check the shear corresponding to probable moment strengths. Increase in moment capacity of member will lead to an increase in seismic-shear. I hope, I have answered your query.