EngrUzair

Call the publishers. They might be selling pdf, too. Regards.

W/assalam! 'Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics, by M. Siddique Qureshi & Aziz Akber', is available at following web addresses, for Rs. 400/- and Rs.575/-, respectively. 1. http://www.aonepublishers.com/products/Fundamentals-of-Soil-Mechanics,-M.-Siddique-Qureshi-%7B47%7D-Aziz-Akber.html 2. http://www.aonepublishers.com/products/Fundamentals-of-Soil-Mechanics-.html The contact information of the publisher, located in Lahore, is given at following web link: http://www.aonepublishers.com/pages/CONTACT-US.html Avaialbilty of the book in other cities, if required, may be checked from the publisher. HTH Regards.

W-Assalam! Waqar! Welcome on the forum. Here is a very good reference, on design of circular domes : design_of_circular_dome.pdf Regards.

W-assalam! The following article, titled 'Rust, Mill Scale and Other Surface Contaminants on Steel Reinforcing Bars' (Technical Note ETN-M-5-14), and available at CRSI web site, free of cost, may be helpful in this regard. https://netforum.avectra.com/eweb/shopping/shopping.aspx?pager=0&site=mycrsi&webcode=shopping&shopsearchcat=merchandise&productcat=technical+documents&prd_key=e5dd0e93-d499-4927-8a53-10919f8b9b6f Note: If you are a visitor and not a registered user, you will have to register for the site first, using 'New Visitor Registration' link given below, to download the article: https://netforum.avectra.com/eweb/DynamicPage.aspx?)Site=myCRSI&WebCode=Verify Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! Unthoughtful use of certain steel materials, may lead to development of serious structural and durability problems in steel structures. How? Have a look at the following article, recently published in the Structure magazine: http://www.structuremag.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/C-LessonsLearned-Cohen-Feb151.pdf

Assalam-o-alaikum! Here is the case of a civil engineering building, located in Canada, that had to be demolished, after developing structural problems soon after completion of construction. Worth reading by civil, and particularly structural engineers: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algo_Centre_Mall

Allen! Your question is quite unclear. You should frame the question suitably, in easy to understand language, and supported by all relevant information. Otherwise, neither any body can understand it, nor can reply it properly. Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! Dear colleagues! While carrying out structural steel design according to AISC code, we need to specify materials to be used for construction of various structural elements, with reference to relevant ASTM standards. Which material we use, will depend upon loading conditions to be considered, structural framing system adopted and other structural design requirements. But the question is, are we specifying these structural steel materials correctly? The following article, published in Modern Steel Construction, throws light on this issue and helps us understand how to specify materials for structural steel design per AISC properly. http://msc.aisc.org/globalassets/modern-steel/archives/2015/02/steelwise.pdf Regards.

Waqas! You should remember that we have to satisfy all applicable DESIGN CODE requirements, while designing a structure. IMO, in case of special moment frames subjected to bending and axial load (required in seismic zones 3 & 4 or SDC D, E & F), ACI 318-08 Section 21.6.4.4 is certainly applicable, and HAS TO BE SATISFIED. Chapter 29 of PCA Notes on ACI 318-08 contain very elaborate examples on how to make design calculation for earthquake resistant structures. You might like to have a look at Example 29.3 section 5, describing in detail the method of calculating transverse reinforcement (hoops, ties etc.) Regards.

Asslam-o-alaikum! Rana Waseem and Sir Umar! Thanks for updation and clarification. The complete picture with reference, for AISC structural steel design code users, is as under: According to AISC Steel Construction Manual, 13th edition 2005 (Part 16-1 Section A3, Subsection 4), materials conforming to following ASTM specifications are approved and, therefore may be used for 'Anchor Rods and Threaded Rods' in structural steel designs carried out as per AISC 360-05 code. ASTM A36/A36M ASTM A193/A193M ASTM A354 ASTM A449 ASTM A572/A572M ASTM A588/A588M ASTM F1554 The preferred material grade for Anchor Rods is however ASTM F1554 (as Rana has also indicated above.) AFA implications of 'Slippage Test' results indicated in your bolt test reports is concerned, you may use following options: a. Go through applicable ASTM standards b. Do an internet search for the relevant requirements c. Get the help of UET Lahore laboratory incharge, who prepared/issued the test report, to know what is the acceptance criteria, and whether actual result is acceptable or otherwise. He might possibly help you classify your bolts as well. Regards.

Rasheed! Most commonly used anchor bolts in our country, fall under ASTM A307 and A36 specifications, although bolts conforming to other material specifications (like ASTM A572, A588 etc.) may also be used. Moreover, in engineering practice, orders for supply of anchor bolts for a particular work are always made with reference to one of the ASTM specifications, depending upon actually required grade of steel for the anchor bolts as per structural design. You should also order the bolts (and other structural steel sections) in in the same way, in order to make sure you get specific quality material. And, should also obtain guarantee of their conformation to relevant ASTM specification, from the supplier. Keeping in view your provided information, tested bolts MAY qualify for classification under ASTM A307 or A36, PROVIDED your bolts conform to ALL the structural requirements described in relevant specification. Regards.

W/Assalam! Taimur! You may apply for employment in two ways: 1. Where an advertisement has been given for the job Method of applying for the job, as well as what information is to be provided with the job application, in normally provided in the advertisement. So, in this case, you should follow the procedure specified in the advertisement. 2. When you want to apply on your own (without any advertisement) It would be better to apply with your CV, supported by photocopies of your educational degree (Matric onwards), and any experience or special skills certificates (e.g., computer , CAD, or civil engineering related software courses etc.). As regards the cover letter, do a search on the internet. you will certainly find some good tips (may be some good book too) regarding how to write a good CV/resume, and what should be included in a cover letter. Best of luck. Regards.

W/Assalam! AFAIK, there is no specific requirement of providing steel reinforcement in thick rafts, at least similar to your one, other than at top and bottom. Others might be able to help more in this regard. BTW, why the raft is so much thick? some high rise building, larger spans, or...? Regards.

W/assalam! You may use following steps to check deflection of a portal frame in SAP2000 (I am assuming that you are using SAP2000 version 14. Other versions might require somewhat different approach.) 1. Run SAP2000 model of your portal frame, using 'Analyze--> Run analysis' menu option. 2. Select 'Show deformed shape...' from 'Display' menu drop down option. Alternately, you may use F6 function key to display 'Deformed Shape' options window. 3. Select the Load 'case / combo' for which you want to check deflection, and press 'OK' command button. Deformed shape of structure for the selected load case will be displayed. 4. Placing the cursor on one of the member joints, will display deflections and rotations at the selected joint, in length units visible at bottom right hand corner of display window. (You will have to make the joints visible, if these are not already in view.) HTH Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! start of professional career as an engineer, in the USA, is not a simple and easy process. Although actual requirements may vary somewhat from state to state, but generally a four-step process has to be followed for obtaining license to work as an independent professional engineer. (See the thread: http://www.sepakistan.com/topic/1610-benefits-of-getting-pe- licence/#entry3958, for learning the benefits of having a PE license.) Step 1: Graduating from an accredited engineering program (e.g., B.E./B.S./M.S in Civil Engineering,...) Step 2: Passing 'Fundamentals of Engineering' (FE) exam (Details available at: http://ncees.org/exams/fe-exam/) and to become eligible for being classified as an intern, also known as Engineering Intern (EI) or Engineer-in-Training (EIT). Step 3: Obtaining required length of work experience relevant to chosen engineering discipline, after passing the FE exam. In many cases, the experience period is to be supervised by a licensed engineer, depending upon specific requirements of concerned State Licensing Board. Step 4: Passing 'Principles and Practice of Engineering' (PE) exam. Once an engineer has successfully completed the first three steps of this process, he/she may take the second exam in the licensing - the Principles and Practice of Engineering (PE) exam. The PE exam tests the ability of an engineer to practice competently in a particular engineering discipline. It is designed for engineers who have gained at least four years’ post-college work experience in their chosen engineering discipline. Each PE exam has a total duration of 8 hours, and is split into a morning and an afternoon session. PE exam specifications and design standards, applicable for the forthcoming exam are posted on NCEES web site, 6 months before the exam date. Updates for April exams are posted in November, and updates for October exams are posted in May. The specifications and details of design standards for PE Exams 2015, related to five (5) Civil Engineering disciplines, are available at following links: Civil - Construction (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Con-April-2015_Combined.pdf) Civil - Geotechnical (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Geo-April-2015_Combined2.pdf) Civil - Structural (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Str-April-2015_Combined2.pdf) Civil - Transportation (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-Tran-April-2015_Combined.pdf) Civil - Water Resources and Environmental (https://cdn.ncees.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/Civ-WRE-April-2015_Combined.pdf) The PE exam is an open-book exam. The examinees are allowed to bring reference materials to the exam, provided they are bound and remain bound during the exam. Further details regarding PE exam can be found at: http://ncees.org/exams/pe-exam/ The design codes and manuals referred in these documents, are the ones to be followed all across the US, for the structural design of all kind of engineered structures. As such, these are the most important references, a civil or structural engineer (working in a jurisdiction, where US design codes are the basis of engineering design) will need to know, learn, and follow in his/her engineering design practice. Hopefully, this information will not only be beneficial for those, interested in taking the PE exam in near future, but would also help us improve our knowledge and understanding of code requirements regarding design and construction of various kind of civil engineering works. This, in turn, will make our structures safer as well as more code-compliant. Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! 1. There may or may not be any difference between the two (cracked and licensed), depending upon type of software cracking used. While you can rely and depend upon the analysis / design results in case of a licensed software , but not in case of cracked software (nobody will take responsibility for that), even if there is no difference of results. This is because of the fact that use of cracked software is incorrect ethically as well as legally. You cannot defend or justify use of such software, for the design of real-life structures, in a court of law. 2. CSI has several kind of licenses. I am sure, there will be one fulfilling requirements of your organization, too. 3. See answer to your question 1 above. Regards.

Did you try to use raft thicknesses, suggested by Rana Waseem? Result? Which SAFE version are ypu using?

W/Assalam! As far as I know in SAFE, in case of inner column lines, width of column strip is taken as sum of one-fourth of relevant spans on both sides of the column line under consideration (= span/4 of one-side span + span/4 of other side span). This is applicable to both the suspended slabs as well as raft slabs. In case of outer column lines, width of column strip is taken as sum of one-fourth of exterior span and cantilever slab or extended portion of raft, as the case may be (= span/4 of exterior span + width of cantilever or raft extension). The advice given to your friend by his boss for raft detailing, is IMO correct and based on the ACI requirement given in detailing manual section 2.10.10 (quoted/referred by you) for slabs without beams (flat plate). This detailing (provision of half of required column strip steel, within the widths prescribed by ACI detailing Manual), should however be applicable only in case of raft slabs where footing beams have NOT been provided in between the columns. HTH Regards.

Yousuf! Click on 'More Reply Options' button, provided at bottom right corner of 'Reply to this topic' window, before writing your post. A new window, with 'Attach files' option provided below the window, will appear. Now, you may write your post, and attach your files as well. Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! In case of Pakistan, an engineer cannot undertake any professional engineering works unless registered with Pakistan Engineering council (PEC). Therefore registration with PEC is mandatory. General procedure for registration with PEC is as under: A person who holds a Bachelor degree in engineering discipline/program duly accredited with Pakistan Engineering council (PEC) or any International professional body (like ABET, ECUK, JABEE, FEANI, Engineers Australia, and Engineers Canada), is enlisted by PEC as Registered Engineer (R.E). When a R.E has attained a minimum of five years of practical experience in relevant field of engineering from a recognized engineering organization or institution or service and has earned at least seventeen CPD (Continuing Professional Development) credit points, he / she shall become eligible to apply for Engineering Practice Examination (EPE), developed for the assessment of the engineering competence, knowledge and skills of an applicant engineer. A registered engineer may qualify for registration as Professional Engineer (P.E) after qualifying the EPE, which may be arranged and conducted through local or foreign services hired or availed for the purpose. Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! If you want to get to-the-point advice, you should provide some basic information about your structure (like building type, number of stories, bay spacing, seismic design category etc.) along with some sketch, to understand the situation and nature of problem. Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! Very nice, Sir Umar! Thanks for sharing. Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! Punching shear in raft footings, is often tackled by providing thicker slab portions under heavy loaded columns, as already mentioned in previous posts. Generally length and width of raft can be increased suitably keeping in view allowable soil bearing capacity, provided space is available. However, in many cases this area extension might not be possible beyond the outer faces of exterior columns (being at the property line). Regards.

Assalam-o-alaikum! For knowing the benefits of getting a PE Lincense in the USA, go to: http://www.kaplanengineering.com/resources/exam-information/ Details regarding PE exam are available at: http://ncees.org/exams/pe-exam/ Regards.

Wa-alaikum-assalam! Materials & thicknesses of floor and roof finishes are specified in the architectural drawings of the building. Load value used for design are based on the specifications of these finishes given by the architect in relevant drawings. For normal building works in our country however, an allowance of 35-40 psf should be ok for floor finishes. Whereas, depending upon type of roof insulation, a value of 40-55 psf may be adopted for roof slab design. Regards.