Waqar Saleem

yes

is it suitable to compare the performance based design and strength design for final year project ??? is there sufficient material available on the topic??

i need some literature related to response fSpectrum Analysis, if anybody having plz share and if anybody have done this type of final year project plz guide!!! thanx

thanx sir Rana

thanx sir but this section just mention footing no further clarification is given for footing types and their minimum depth criteria...

Dear members, does the footings are effected by wind and earthquake loadings?it is said that the wind and earthquake doesn't effect the footings but the superstructure.

Dear members, what should be the minimum thickness of footings according to ACI?is it different for different kind of footings mean for isolated, strip, combined and mat or raft?please the mention the ACI section

thanx Madam Ayesha , sir Rana and sir Nustian371,madam Ayesha is right and sir Rana as well @Nustian371 sir actually you are right that how it can happen that one material has two moduli but in case of concrete it behaves differently under different loadings i.e. tension and compression also stresses in concrete are different when it is under compression and under tension so does its strain.concrete is a mixture not a uniform homogeneous material like metals.here i have a question that does steel behaves the same way under compression and tension? i am asking this with the view of modulus of elasticity?is tension strain and compression strain for steel are same?as they are different for concrete.

Dear members i came across some nice documents which are very helping for the engineers working on sites so that they can train their masons and artisans and improve the construction practices also construction industry will have good labour force which ultimately will ultimately improve the structures. M2_S2_RCC frame structure.pdf M3_S1_Repair and retroffit.pdf M2_S4_Quality control.pdf

anybody having CRSI DESIGN HANDBOOK soft copy plz share on the forum or email me or share the link where i can get it i ll be thankful...

do concrete have two moduli of elasticity? as it behaves differently under compression and tension

Thank you Nustian371, sir loading is that of on the beam transverse to longitudinal bars as in usual case of any simple beam when there is no sufficent concrete around the bars i.e c/c spacing b/w two bars is not sufficent the stresses in bars will overlap and generate the cracks in concrete which would be in horizontal plane

no problem sir you may wish now the next eid in advance with previous one!!!we will not mind

yes 371 is right that better not to cut off members and encourage them to participate.

two of them i know and i have are J.G. Macgragor and Macromic these are nice books and truely better than nilson

thanx sir Rana for your kind response and valuable suggestions. may Allah bless you and family

Thanx Rana sir but some engineers say that even if the reinf is less by analysis one should provide at least the reinf of 10.5.1 they say it is to be better to conservative

10.5.3 states as the requirements of 10.5.1.and 10.5.2 need not be applied if at every section the area of tensile reinforcement provided is at least one-third greater than that required by analysis. while 10.5.1 the normal equations of minimum reinforcement can we provide steel less than that of 10.5.1???

Thank you Mr.Baz , sir if all other factors of failure are controlled then splitting can be controlled by providing sufficient concrete around the long. rebar so that the tensile stress in long. rebars is sufficiently distributed in the adjacent concrete when rebars are too close mean there spacing is less stress in two adjacent rebars will overlap in the surrounding concrete and this will lead to the splitting of concrete in the plane of rebars mean horizontal plane also this type of splitting occurs when side cover is not sufficient,2ndly if the outer cover is not sufficient splitting will be in vertical plane. sir during construction the cares you have mentioned can be assured but if the factors above i mentioned are not checked b4 preparing drawings that wud have nothing to do with the efficiency of the construction.

@baz sir i mean one mode of failure out these all which you have mentioned i studied in twelfth edition Nilson that is 2nd example in chapter dealing bond and anchorage i guess it is 5th chapter,there he writes in the notes that top cover had controlled so the splitting will be in vertical plane b4 he mentioned two planes of splitting one is horizontal to bars plane and 2nd vertical to it i couldn't get what is the criteria of checking that splitting will be in vertical plane or in horizontal plane i didn't have the book with me i'd try make a ref n load it later. thanx for your response

concrete in beams have one mode of failure by splitting and splitting is of two type one in the plane of rebars and 2nd in the plane vertical to the rebars, how we can determine that splitting will be in which plane and how can we control them accordingly.

thanx Rana sir as it is simply supported then it should not be cut before the support ,actually in drawing i am referring to the bar is cut before the support in case of fixed support we can provide necessary development length and cut the bar before support theoretically as we are providing top reinforcement for negative moment,here if it is simply supported why there is top reinforcement as there is no negative moment.

@umar sir i didn't performed any test but have a ref plz check http://wiki-edupunk.blogspot.com/2012/08/from-concrete-technology-2e-by-a.html

sir i know and understand that top reinforcement is provided on all sides .

aggregates have very high strength but concrete doesn’t what is the reason?