Waqar Saleem

IMRF is economical for low-rise buildings(up-to 8 storey), for mid-rise adding shear walls to IMRF is economical.

Dear Fellow, Read these discussiions

Dear Irfan, Provide the plan of the above slab also to clear the location of steps Regards

Thank you for your response, roller-bodies are on the first floor, machines are replicated in Pakistan and local vendors do not have much information, machines are copied from the existing mill. Reagards

Salam, Dear Engineers, I am working a on design of flour mill, it has rolling machines which have extensive vibrations as i observed in a working mill visit, how to add this effect on slab. Do i increase the LL by some percentage to cater this effect? How to add its long term effect? Regards

In a room space of 10-6 x 10-6 what different intensities you will be applying ? for washroom area you can apply different load than room area.

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Adding my cent, Basically R ductility factor and detailing of the structure matters, due to greater ductility demand in higher seismic zones 3,4, R value is high also detailing requirement is high to make the structure capable to dissipate energy. UBC defines some restrictions as per different zones, in 2B IMRF minimum, and zone 3,4 SMRF. in 2B SMRF can be designed but in 3,4 it will be too uneconomical. we can violate code but for that greater effort for design is required, have to go for performance based design but it is better to hide behind the code. Regards

Dear Shamim, Degree of freedom concept is basic of structural analysis, it is hard to explain for me. There are three translations and three rotations, translations are UX, UY, and UZ and rotations RX, RY, RZ. Check the following links for further understanding. http://docs.csiamerica.com/help-files/etabs/Menus/Analyze/Set_Analysis_Options/Set_Active_Degrees_of_Freedom.htm http://docs.csiamerica.com/manuals/etabs/Analysis Reference.pdf Regards

Shamim, First I assumed that the case you are asking is a part of building but you are analyzing a continuous frame.The moment difference is due to degree of freedom you selected, snaps are attached.

Share $ET file

Hira, Define a new case and add the static and moving in that new case, as mentioned by Ayesha define combination and check the output.

Dear Shamim, Could you share the model please, do not know the reason apparently, do the loads on floors are also same? Regards

Ayesha, Sure I will explain here but due to non-availability of time and forum policy of copy rights i can not share tutorials here. There was no intention of hiding anything, I will do it for the forum sometime. Regards

Waqar bhai , Hope you are fine, I can guide you for the THA along-with tutorials but you will have to visit me. :-) Regards

Umar sb i am not clear bout this 90% contribution how do we check this and what is meant by this ? whatever the mode is there is contribution of mass either in direction X or Y.

Dear Eko, These are different analysis techniques, simplest is LSA (linear static analysis) which is normally used for simple/low rise building. When there are sophisticated structures having irregular masses or varying story heights or very high seismic area advance analysis are required to get the more accurate and realistic results which may not be predicted with LSA like plastic hinges . Advance analysis like THA need time and expertise which might not be suitable for simple structures but for high rise and important structures THA may be used. If you need specifically for a project, share the details, i or any other senior may respond more precisely. Regards

Dear Engr, Forum policy restricts any such sharing due to copy rights. Regards

If the raft marked "40" is disconnected to the existing will be better, just one check will be required as mentioned by Aysha above the surcharge lateral pressure on wall.

yes it is %age x X-sectional area

Dear Fellows, I would like to highlight some issues which are common in work environment of Pakistan. Being engineers, we must think of good working environments and we should stand for our rights. We have PEC but it could not produce anything to support engineers in this regard. It is very unfortunate that there are labor unions, form-work contractors unions, truck and riksha driver unions, they stand together when there is any issue but engineers do not have any such union or collaboration. There are no proper HR , if there is any HR it is just to apply restrictions to employees but do not facilitate their rights. Proper agreements or offer letters to employees are not offered to blackmail(retain forcefully ) in most cases when employee want to leave. No benefits or very little (medical, insurance, old age) are given to the employees. No overtime, NO TA/DA for site visits, no bonuses. Salary payments not on time. No proper leave plans. Regards

Wasalam, Dear Shamim, These are basics of RCC design to know the required reinforcements, if reinf %age is 2.3%, your column size is 12"x12"(say) you will get longitudinal reinforcement as 2.3x12x12/100 = 3.312 in^2, now you can convert this 3.312 into different number of bars, if you are using #6 bars its area is 0.44in^2, Number of #6 rebars= 3.312/.44 = 7.52 make it 8 #6 bars as longitudinal bars in RCC Column. Regards

Dear friends, An experienced transportation engineer is required at islamabad office of a consultant firm, please email cv of any interested professional at waqar.cameos@gmail.com. 8-10 years experience required in design of highways. Regards

@waqar saleem, Did you mean for this foundation or for any foundation? i mean in this case no expansion joint required, but if raft/foundation dimensions are large enough, expansion joint / control joint will be required. Regards

no need to provide expansion joint in foundation