Hamza Irshad

I have been a regular user of this forum and have learned a lot of topics and concepts from the discussions led by our seniors. However, it seems that over the past two years, the activity on this forum has decreased due to the creation of WhatsApp groups for structural engineering discussions. While WhatsApp groups provide quick answers, they lack proper documentation. Discussions on WhatsApp quickly vanish in the chat history, whereas this forum maintains a record of valuable discussions. Engineers may ask questions in WhatsApp groups for quick responses, but continuing the discussion on this forum ensures that valuable insights are documented and accessible for current and future reference.

Please check page 2 of the attached document. Continuous Footing.pdf

Salam, i) Is it good to provide 45 degree angle between proceeding and succeeding Raft at construction joint for shear transfer or we must provide key or diagonal dowels at joint as shown in figures below. ii) My second question how we can decide size of key between proceeding and succeeding Raft part. Regards

Thanks @Badar (BAZ)

Salam, I have a Question from seniors,Which detailing of column development length in Raft is correct/better either inward bars or outward bars as you see in images attach. Also give reasons about that. Regards

Salam, I need the opinion of my respected senior Structure engineers about the confusion of Beams in Residential buildings. What should we consider whether the support of beams in residential buildings are fixed or pinned. Should we consider it fixed only when development length of reinforcement of beam must be embedded in adjacent column/wall or it is also considered fixed in case of beam sandwich between walls or continuous slab. In Pakistan different engineers assume different type of support some consider it fixed others consider it pinned always and some of them design bottom steel by considering it pinned support and top steel by considering it fixed support. So, is it fixed support or pinned?