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Introduction The main objective of this report is to investigate and document the different types of road distresses that are present in the local roads of Mirpur within Mirpur Municipal Corporation. This report will provide a comprehensive description, pictures, possible causes, problems, and possible solutions of various distresses. Furthermore, the possible solutions will be limited to only locally available materials. II. Distresses Visited The team visited a total of 8 different roads in the Mirpur area. Each road was inspected thoroughly and the following distresses were observed: 1. Cracking 2. Raveling 3. Potholes 4. Edge Breaks 5. Rutting 6. Alligator Cracking 7. Corrugations 8. Shoving III. Descriptions and Pictures 1. Cracking: Cracks can be seen in the surface of the road, often in the form of straight lines or web-like patterns. These cracks can be caused by improper construction, changing temperatures, and heavy traffic. 2. Raveling: This is when the surface of the road becomes loose and aggregate particles become separated due to wear and tear. This can be caused by moisture, oxidation, and traffic. 3. Potholes: These are depressions that form in the road surface due to the wear and tear of vehicles. These can be caused by water infiltration and poor drainage. 4. Edge Breaks: These are breaks in the pavement along the edge of the road. These can be caused by traffic and poor construction. 5. Rutting: This is when the surface of the road becomes uneven and grooved. These can be caused by water infiltration and traffic. 6. Alligator Cracking: This is when the surface of the road becomes cracked and resembles the skin of an alligator. This can be caused by water infiltration and improper drainage. 7. Corrugations: These are wave-like depressions that form in the surface of the road. These can be caused by water infiltration and poor drainage. 8. Shoving: This is when the pavement shifts as a result of traffic and poor construction. IV. Possible Causes 1. Cracking: Improper construction, changing temperatures, and heavy traffic 2. Raveling: Moisture, oxidation, and traffic 3. Potholes: Water infiltration and poor drainage 4. Edge Breaks: Traffic and poor construction 5. Rutting: Water infiltration and traffic 6. Alligator Cracking: Water infiltration and improper drainage 7. Corrugations: Water infiltration and poor drainage 8. Shoving: Traffic and poor construction V. Problems Faced by Road Users 1. Cracking: This can cause a bumpy ride and create a safety hazard for the road users. 2. Raveling: This can cause a bumpy ride and create a safety hazard for the road users. 3. Potholes: These can cause tire damage and create a safety hazard for the road users. 4. Edge Breaks: These can cause tire damage and create a safety hazard for the road users. 5. Rutting: This can cause a bumpy ride and create a safety hazard for the road users. 6. Alligator Cracking: This can cause a bumpy ride and create a safety hazard for the road users. 7. Corrugations: This can cause a bumpy ride and create a safety hazard for the road users. 8. Shoving: This can cause a bumpy ride and create a safety hazard for the road users. VI. Possible Solutions 1. Cracking: Seal the cracks with asphalt sealant or patch the cracks with asphalt fill. 2. Raveling: Re-compact the affected area and patch it with asphalt fill. 3. Potholes: Patch the potholes with asphalt patching material. 4. Edge Breaks: Re-compact the affected area and patch it with asphalt fill. 5. Rutting: Re-compact the affected area and patch it with asphalt fill. 6. Alligator Cracking: Re-compact the affected area and patch it with asphalt fill. 7. Corrugations: Re-compact the affected area and patch it with asphalt fill. 8. Shoving: Re-compact the affected area and patch it with asphalt fill. VII. Conclusion In conclusion, the team was able to assess and document the different types of road distresses that are present in the local roads of Mirpur within Mirpur Municipal Corporation. The team was also able to provide a comprehensive description, pictures, possible causes, problems, and possible solutions of various distresses. The possible solutions were limited to only locally available materials.

Small housing industry is all time necessity , small dwellings are required to start a family unit, but its very unfortunate that houses are going costly day by day.Private societies have been substitute for housing needs but now they are main cause of making them costly, developers/builders/propertieay are selling poorly developed lands on premium costs. A small plot is selling at 80 lac (8M), then in societies due to poor, non-engineered fills, there is huge cost of foundation stabilization, around 3M to 4M, after heavy foundation expenses there are chances that foundation might settle or deform, in some cases fills are more than 40ft, and consolidation takes too much time, water ingress is another issue. Foundation engineers need to come forward and tackle this problem, this is a practical problem and could benefit a lot of people, universities can develop a collaboration and can come up with some good solution in few years. Till now this problem is tackled by structural engineers (talking of my area, other areas might have better solutions already), and they are adding structural piles underneath foundations, piled raft, but problem is on geotechnical side so its geotechnical solution is required that should be affordable, structural solution is not affordable. Structurally lighter materials can assist to decrease stress on subsoils. On fills lights weight concrete or LGS or SCIP or modular houses shall be constructed. But for this people shall develop taste for new materials and alternatives.A family constructs house from their hard earn money, this should not be that difficult and costly. Future development should be improved, though there are no chances, developers/propertieay just need money, they leave ethics aside.People themselves shall ask for soil condition before buying plots, its not wise to buy a sick horse and then spend money on its health, i have observed propertieay (this is my term for property dealer) who jump on the filled areas and say see how hard is the land. Ethics? they dont bother. No Govt., society or anyone shall come to our help we shall stand for ourselves.Thank You

Hi, I have a project in India, a 2-storey concrete structure and I need an advice as Im about to switch from ACI 318-14 to IS 456(am i right?). Is there much difference between the two codes? Has anyone here already designed structures in India? Can you show me an example? Because it will be different than to what I've been used to. I just need to know the general notes you put into the plan drawings and the design standards. How about the wind and seismic requirements, do they have their own code? Your help would be much appreciated.